Annual Report 2019

146 SHOUGANG CONCORD CENTURY HOLDINGS LIMITED 首長寶佳集團有限公司 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 綜合財務報告附註 FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 截至二零一九年十二月三十一日止年度 2 重大會計政策概要 （續） 2.7 外幣換算 （續） (c) 集團公司 （續） (ii) 各 收 益 表 之 收 入 及 支 出，按平均匯率換算，惟 此平均值並非該等交易 日期當時匯率具累積效 果之合理約數除外。在此 情況下，收入及開支於交 易日期換算；及 (iii) 所得出之所有匯兌差額 會在其他全面收益中確 認。 於編製綜合賬目時，換算海外 實體任何投資淨額以及借款產 生之匯兌差額均於其他全面收 益確認。當出售海外業務或償 還構成該投資淨額部分之任何 借款，相關匯兌差額於綜合損 益表重新歸類為出售之部分收 益或虧損。 收購海外實體產生之商譽及公 平值調整視為該海外實體之資 產及負債，按收巿匯率換算。 2.8 物業、廠房及設備 租賃土地及樓宇按外部獨立估值師 的定期估值公平值確認，減去後續 折舊。所有其他物業、廠房及設備 按歷史成本減折舊及減值虧損入 賬。歷史成本包括收購此等項目直 接應佔開支。 2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.7 Foreign currency translation (continued) (c) Group companies (continued) (ii) i n c ome a n d e x p e n s e s f o r e a c h s t a t eme n t o f p r o f i t o r l o s s a nd statement of comprehensive income are translated at average exchange rates (unless this is not a reasonable app rox ima t i on o f t he cumu l a t i ve effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions); and (iii) a l l resu l t i ng cu r rency t r ans l a t i on differences are recognised in other comprehensive income. On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of any net investment in foreign entities, and of bo r row i ngs , a r e r ecogn i sed i n o t he r comprehensive income. When a foreign operation is sold or any borrowings forming part of the net investment are repaid, the associated exchange differences are reclassified to the consolidated statement of profit or loss, as part of the gain or loss on sale. Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the closing rate. 2.8 Property, plant and equipment Leasehold land and buildings are recognised at fair value based on periodic valuation by external independent valuers, less subsequent depreciation. All other property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation and impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.