Annual Report 2021

ANNUAL REPORT 2021 93 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) 2.2 Consolidation (continued) (i) Subsidiaries (continued) (d) Changes in ownership interests in existing subsidiaries without change of control Transactions with non-controlling interests that do not result in change of control are accounted for as equity transactions - that is, as transactions with the owners in their capacity as owners. The carrying amounts of the Group’s relevant components of equity and the non-controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interest in the subsidiaries, including re-attribution of relevant reserves between the Group and the non-controlling interests according to the Group’s and the non-controlling interest’s proportional interests. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted, and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognised directly in equity and attributed to owners of the Company. (e) Disposal of subsidiaries or cash-generating units (“CGU”) When the Group ceases to have control, any retained interest in the entity is re-measured to its fair value at the date when control is lost. The fair value is the initial carrying amount for the purposes of subsequently accounting for the retained interest as an associate, a joint venture or a financial asset. Difference between (i) the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration received and the fair value of any retained interest and (ii) the carrying amount of the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities of the subsidiary attributable to the owners of the Company is recognised in the consolidated statement of profit or loss. In addition, the assets and liabilities of that subsidiary and non-controlling interests (if any) are derecognised, any amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are accounted for as if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. This may mean that amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to the consolidated statement of profit or loss, or transferred to another category of equity as specified/ permitted by applicable HKFRSs. On disposal of the relevant CGU or any of the CGU within the group of CGUs, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the amount of profit or loss on disposal. When the Group disposes of an operation within the CGU (or a CGU within a group of CGUs), the amount of goodwill disposed of is measured on the basis of the relative values of the operation (or the CGU) disposed of and the portion of the CGU (or the group of CGUs) retained. (ii) Associates and joint ventures Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control over those policies. A joint venture is a contractual arrangement whereby the Group and other parties undertake an economic activity which is subject to joint control and none of the participating party has unilateral control over the economic activity.