Annual Report 2020

95 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 綜合財務報表附註 FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 2020 截至二零二零年十二月三十一日止年度 ANNUAL REPORT 2020 年度報告 3. 綜合財務報表編製基準及主要會計政策 （續） 主要會計政策 （續） 金融工具 （續） 財務資產（續） 財務資產減值 （續） (i) 信貸風險顯著增加 於評估自初始確認後信貸風險是否顯著增加 時，本集團將於報告日期金融工具發生之違 約風險與初始確認日起金融工具發生之違約 風險進行比較。在進行該評估時，本集團會 考慮合理且可支持的定量和定性資料，包括 過往經驗及無需付出不必要的成本或費力而 可得之前瞻性資料。 具體而言，在評估信貸風險是否顯著增加 時，會考慮以下資料： • 金融工具的外部（如有）或內部信用評級 的實際或預期顯著惡化； • 外部市場信貸風險指標的顯著惡化，如 信貸利差大幅增加，債務人的信用違約 掉期價格顯著增加； • 預計會導致債務人償還債務能力大幅下 降的業務、財務或經濟狀況的現有或預 測的不利變化； • 債務人經營業績的實際或預期顯著惡 化； • 監管、經濟或技術環境出現實際或預期 的重大不利變動，導致債務人履行債務 責任的能力大幅下降。 3. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Significant accounting policies (Continued) Financial instruments (Continued) Financial assets (Continued) Impairment of financial assets (Continued) (i) Significant increase in credit risk In assessing whether the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition. In making this assessment, the Group considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical experience and forward-looking information that is available without undue cost or effort. In particular, the following information is taken into account when assessing whether credit risk has increased significantly: • an actual or expected significant deterioration in the financial instrument’s external (if available) or internal credit rating; • significant deterioration in external market indicators of credit risk, e.g. a significant increase in the credit spread, the credit default swap prices for the debtor; • existing or forecast adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations; • an actual or expected significant deterioration in the operating results of the debtor; • an actual or expected significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the debtor that results in a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations.