Annual Report 2022

180 SHOUGANG CENTURY HOLDINGS LIMITED 首佳科技製造有限公司 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 綜合財務報告附註 3 財務風險管理 （續） 3.3 公平值估計 （續） 本節解釋在確定綜合財務報表中以 公平值確認和計量的金融工具和非 金融資產的公平值時所作出的判斷 和估計。為說明用於確定公平值的 輸入數據的可靠性，本集團已將其 金融工具和非金融資產分為會計準 則規定的三個級別。每個級別的解 釋見表下。 第一級：在活躍市場交易的金融工 具或非金融資產（如公開 交易的衍生工具、股本證 券）的公平值是基於報告 期末的市場報價。本集團 持有的金融資產或非金融 資產所採用的市場報價為 當前買入價。這些工具或 資產被列入第一級。 第二級：不在活躍市場交易的金融 工具或非金融資產（例如 場外衍生工具）的公平值 是使用估值技術確定的， 該估值技術最大限度地利 用可觀察的市場數據並儘 可能少地依賴實體特定估 計。如果對一項工具或資 產進行公平值估計所需的 所有重要輸入都是可觀察 的，則該工具或資產被列 入第二級。 第三級：如果一項或多項重要輸入 不是基於可觀察的市場數 據，則該工具或資產被列 入第三級。 投資物業、按公平值計入損益之金 融負債及按重估金額計量的物業、 廠房和設備的公平值估計已分別在 附註 16 、 30 和 17 中披露。 3 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (continued) 3.3 Fair value estimation (continued) This section explains the judgements and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments and non-financial assets that are recognised and measured at fair value in the consolidated financial statements. To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the Group has classified its financial instruments and non-financial assets into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standards. An explanation of each level follows underneath the table. Level 1: The fair value of financial instruments or non-financial assets traded in active markets (such as publicly traded derivatives, and equity securities) is based on quoted market prices at the end of the reporting period. The quoted market price used for financial assets or non- financial assets held by the Group is the current bid price. These instruments or assets are included in level 1. Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments or non-financial assets that are not traded in an active market (for example, over- the-counter derivatives) is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument or asset are observable, the instrument or asset is included in level 2. Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument or asset is included in level 3. The fair value estimations of investment properties, financial liability at fair value through profit or loss and property, plant and equipment measured at revalued amount have been disclosed in Notes 16, 30 and 17 respectively.