Annual Report 2021

194 Sunny Optical Technology (Group) Company Limited • ANNUAL REPORT 2021 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 綜合財務報表附註 FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 截至二零二一年十二月三十一日止年度 3. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) 3.2 Significant accounting policies (Continued) Financial instruments (Continued) Financial assets (Continued) Impairment of financial assets (Continued) (v) Measurement and recognition of ECL The measurement of ECL is a function of the probability of default, loss given default (i.e. the magnitude of the loss if there is a default) and the exposure at default. The assessment of the probability of default and loss given default is based on historical data adjusted and forward-looking information. Estimation of ECL reflects an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. The Group uses a practical expedient in estimating ECL on trade receivables using a provision matrix taking into consideration historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward looking information that is available without undue cost or effort. Generally, the ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Group in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at the effective interest rate determined at initial recognition. Lifetime ECL for certain trade receivables is considered on a collective basis taking into consideration past due information and relevant credit information such as forward looking macroeconomic information. 3. 綜合財務報表之編製基準及 重要會計政策（續） 3.2 重要會計政策（續） 金融工具（續） 金融資產（續） 金融資產減值（續） (v) 預期信貸虧損的計量及確認 預期信貸虧損計量是違約可能性、 違約損失率（即發生違約時的損失 程度）及違約風險的函數。違約可 能性及違約損失率的評定乃基於經 調整歷史數據及前瞻性資料。預期 信貸虧損的估算乃無偏頗及概率加 權的數額，其按相應違約風險的權 重釐定。本集團經考慮過往信貸虧 損經驗後使用撥備矩陣並採用實際 權益法估計貿易應收款項的預期信 貸虧損，並按無需花費不必要成本 或精力可取得的前瞻性資料調整。 一般而言，預期信貸虧損為根據合 約應付本集團的所有合約現金流量 與本集團預期將收取的現金流量之 間的差額，並按初步確認時釐定的 實際利率貼現。 若干貿易應收款項的全期預期信貸 虧損經考慮過往逾期資料及前瞻性 宏觀經濟資料等相關信貸資料按集 體基準考慮。