Annual Report 2024

212 2024 Annual Report Transport International Holdings Limited NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Expressed in Hong Kong dollars unless otherwise indicated) 1 Material accounting policies (continued) (x) Employee benefits (continued) (ii) Defined benefit retirement plan obligations (continued) The Group’s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods and discounting that amount. For ORSO plans, the net obligation is after deducting the fair value of plan assets. For LSP obligations, the estimated amount of future benefit is determined after deducting the negative service cost arising from the accrued benefits derived from the Group’s Mandatory Provident Fund (“MPF”) contributions that have been vested with employees, which are deemed to be contributions from the relevant employees. The calculation of defined benefit obligations are performed by qualified actuaries using the projected unit credit method. For ORSO plans, when the calculation results in a benefit to the Group, the recognised asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. Service cost and net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) are recognised in profit or loss. Current service cost is measured as the increase in the present value of the defined benefit obligations resulting from employee service in the current period. When the benefits of a plan are changed, or when a plan is curtailed, the portion of the changed benefit related to past service by employees, or the gain or loss on curtailment, is recognized as an expense in profit or loss at the earlier of when the plan amendment or curtailment occurs and when related restructuring costs or termination benefits are recognised. Net interest expense (income) for the period is determined by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligations at the beginning of the reporting period to the net defined benefit liability (asset). The discount rate is the yield at the end of the reporting period on high quality corporate bonds (where there is no deep market in such corporate bonds, government bonds) that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Group’s obligations. Remeasurements arising from defined benefit plans, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets in ORSO plans (excluding interest) and the effect of any asset ceiling (excluding interest), are recognised immediately in other comprehensive income. Net interest expense (income) for the period is determined by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligations at the beginning of the reporting period to the then net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability during the period. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in profit or loss. (iii) Equity-settled share-based payments The fair value of share options granted to employees is recognised as an employee cost with a corresponding increase in a capital reserve within equity. The fair value is measured at grant date using the binomial model, taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the options were granted. Where the employees have to meet vesting conditions before becoming unconditionally entitled to the options, the total estimated fair value of the options is spread over the vesting period, taking into account the probability that the options will vest. During the vesting period, the number of share options that is expected to vest is reviewed. Any resulting adjustment to the cumulative fair value recognised in prior years is charged/credited to profit or loss for the year of the review, unless the original employee expenses qualify for recognition as an asset, with a corresponding adjustment to the capital reserve. On vesting date, the amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of options that vest (with a corresponding adjustment to the capital reserve) except where forfeiture is only due to not achieving vesting conditions that relate to the market price of the Company’s shares. The equity amount is recognised in the capital reserve until either the option is exercised (when it is included in the amount recognised in share capital for the shares issued) or the option expires (when it is released directly to retained profits).